Rulett

[kallekusta]

Varajastel 1990. aaastal Gonzalo Garcia-Pelay uskuski, et rulett ei saa olla päris suvaline, sest, sest ratas ei ole perfektselt sümeetriline ja tasakaalustatud. Ta uuris ja analüüsis kindla ruletiratta andmeid arvutitega ja avastas, et sellel kindlal rattal teatud numbrid esinesid tihedamini kui teised.

Ruletiratas, mida ta uuris asus Hispaanias, Madriidi kasiinos nimega Casino De Madrid. Kui ta oli oma avastuses surmkindel läks ta kasiinosse ja võitis seal ühe päevaga rohkem kui 600 000 eurot. Kokku mitme päeva vältel koguvõit ülatus miljoni euroni. Kasiino kaebas Gonzalo kohtusse aga kohus mõistis ta õigeks ja osutas hoopis sellele, et kasiino peab oma ruletiratta korda tegema, kuna nad ei paku ausat mängu.

Cool Story PRO kui Euro võeti kasutusele 2002 aastal, aga üks ruleti kunn juba varajastel 1990 ndatel 600 000 euri võitis.

[vapsik]

Cool Story PRO kui Euro võeti kasutusele 2002 aastal, aga üks ruleti kunn juba varajastel 1990 ndatel 600 000 euri võitis.

Ranka teisendas summa eurodeks.

[Codecci]

Cool Story PRO kui Euro võeti kasutusele 2002 aastal, aga üks ruleti kunn juba varajastel 1990 ndatel 600 000 euri võitis.

[ranka]

Cool Story PRO kui Euro võeti kasutusele 2002 aastal, aga üks ruleti kunn juba varajastel 1990 ndatel 600 000 euri võitis.

See oleks sama, kui kirjutada 2012. aastal rubladest. Targuta vähem, googelda rohkem.

Artikkel wikipediast: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roulette

Biased wheels

Whereas betting systems are essentially an attempt to beat the fact that a geometric series with initial value of 0.95 (American roulette) or 0.97 (European roulette) will inevitably over time tend to zero, engineers instead attempt to overcome the house edge through predicting the mechanical performance of the wheel, most notably by Joseph Jagger at Monte Carlo in 1873. These schemes work by determining that the ball is more likely to fall at certain numbers, and if sufficiently good will raise the return of the game above 100%, defeating the betting system problem.

In the early 1990s, Gonzalo Garcia-Pelayo believed that casino roulette wheels were not perfectly random, and that by recording the results and analysing them with a computer, he could gain an edge on the house by predicting that certain numbers were more likely to occur next than the 1-in-36 odds offered by the house suggested. This he did at the Casino de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, winning 600,000 euros in a single day, and one million euros in total. Legal action against him by the casino was unsuccessful, it being ruled that the casino should fix its wheel.[9][10]

To prevent exploits like these, the casinos monitor the performance of their wheels, and rebalance and realign them regularly to try to keep the result of the spins as uniform as possible.

In 1982, several casinos in Britain began to lose large sums of money at their roulette tables to teams of gamblers from the USA. Upon investigation by the police, it was discovered they were using a legal system of biased wheel-section betting. As a result of this, the British roulette wheel manufacturer John Huxley manufactured a roulette wheel to counteract the problem.

The new wheel, designed by George Melas, was called "low profile" because the pockets had been drastically reduced in depth, and various other design modifications caused the ball to descend in a gradual approach to the pocket area. In 1986, when a professional gambling team headed by Billy Walters won $3.8 million using the system on an old wheel at the Golden Nugget in Atlantic City, every casino in the world took notice, and within one year had switched to the new low-profile wheel.

Edward O. Thorp (the developer of card counting and an early hedge-fund pioneer) and Claude Shannon (a mathematician and electronic engineer best known for his contributions to information theory) built arguably the first wearable computer to predict the landing of the ball in 1961. This system worked by timing the ball and wheel, and using the information obtained to calculate the most likely octant where the ball would fall. Ironically, this technique works best with an unbiased wheel though it could still be countered quite easily by simply closing the table for betting before beginning the spin.

Thomas Bass, in his book The Eudaemonic Pie 1991 (published as The Newtonian Casino in Britain), has claimed to be able to predict wheel performance in real time. The book describes the exploits of a group of University of California Santa Cruz students, who called themselves the Eudaemons, who in the late 1970s used computers in their shoes to win at roulette. This is an updated and improved version of Edward O Thorp's approach where Newtonian Laws of Motion are applied to track the roulette ball's deceleration, hence the title.

In 2004 it was reported that a group of two Serbs and one Hungarian in London had used a laser scanner hidden inside a mobile phone linked to a computer to predict the sector of the wheel where the ball was most likely to drop.[11] They were arrested, but released without charge as there was no proof they had technically interfered with casino equipment.[12]